Promoters are the primary regulators of gene expression at the transcriptional level and are key to controlling transgenes in transgenic organisms. The availability of the soybean genome has also provided unprecedented access to sequences for a wide range of promoters from diverse gene families, which will lead to a better understanding of the regulation of gene expression and the discovery of novel soybean promoters for use in basic research and applied crop biotechnology. The recent release of the soybean genome has tremendously facilitated computational genome-wide analyses of the soybean genome and identification of specific DNA sequences, which need to be validated using functional analysis tools. With the increasing amount of biological information derived from genome sequencing projects of several plant species, opportunities exist for functional analysis of those sequences using a combination of computational approaches and various methods of wet laboratory analyses of gene expression. The soybean promoters characterized here will be useful for production of transgenic soybean plants for both basic research and commercial plant improvement. We also demonstrate the utility of lima bean cotyledons and soybean hairy roots for rapid promoter analyses and provide novel insights towards the utilization of these expression systems. In this study, we present expression intensity data on 20 novel soybean promoters from two different gene families, ubiquitin and ERF. Molecular analysis of hairy root events revealed a direct relationship between copy number and expression intensity higher copy number events displayed higher GFP expression. Quantification of GFP expression in stably-transformed hairy roots of soybean was variable among roots derived from different transformation events but consistent among secondary roots, derived from the same primary transformation events. Seven of the ten Gmubi promoters yielded from 2- to 7-fold higher expression than a standard CaMV35S promoter while four of the ten GmERF promoters showed from 1.5- to 2.2-times higher GFP levels compared to the CaMV35S promoter. Quantification of promoter strength using transient expression in lima bean ( Phaseolus lunatus) cotyledonary tissue and stable expression in soybean hairy roots showed that the intensity of gfp gene expression was mostly conserved across the two expression systems. Ten Gmubi and ten GmERF promoters from selected genes were cloned upstream of the gfp gene and successfully characterized using rapid validation tools developed for both transient and stable expression. m ax Ethylene Response Factor) gene families of soybean. In this research, a bioinformatics approach was first performed to identify members of the Gmubi ( G. Unfortunately, relatively few promoters have been isolated and characterized particularly from soybean ( Glycine max). ![]() Most genes possess their own unique promoter and large numbers of promoters are therefore available for study. They contain regulatory elements that interact with regulatory proteins to modulate gene expression. Promoter regions are often defined as a region upstream of the transcriptional start. Although numerous factors can influence gene expression, promoters are perhaps the most important component of the regulatory control process.
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